# VFR in Airspace C/D #### General To cross airspace C or D under visual flight rules, pilots always require clearance from air traffic control. The controller must observe a number of points. - The aircraft must be identified (squawk) - The flight route and altitude should not lead directly through the approach and departure sector. - The pilot must be informed about the entry and exit of the corresponding airspace. The following separation for VFR flights must be observed:
**Airspace C****Airspace D**
- Separation IFR - VFR - Traffic information about other VFR flights - traffic avoidance advice on request - Traffic information about IFR flights - Traffic information aboout VFR flights
Phraseology dictates the following phrases for crossing flights: > German: "DURCHFLUG \[VON LUFTRAUM CHARLIE (oder DELTA)\] GENEHMIGT ÜBER (Flugstrecke) (Zahl) FUSS (oder FLUGFLÄCHE (Flughöhe))" > > English: "CROSSING \[OF AIRSPACE CHARLIE (or DELTA)\] APPROVED VIA (route) (number) FEET (or FLIGHT LEVEL (level))" > > German: "FLIEGEN SIE AUF RADIAL (drei Ziffern) VON (Name der VOR) BIS (markanter Punkt)" > > English: "PROCEED ON RADIAL (three digits) OF (name of VOR) TO (significant point)" > > German: "VERLASSEN SIE LUFTRAUM CHARLIE (oder DELTA) RICHTUNG (oder STEUERKURS (drei Ziffern), oder IN (Zahl) FUSS (oder > FLUGFLÄCHE (Flughöhe)) \[(Begründung)\]" > > English: "LEAVE AIRSPACE CHARLIE (or DELTA) DIRECTION (or HEADING (three digits), or AT (number) FEET (or FLIGHT LEVEL (level)) \[(reason)\]" #### Phraseology examples Let's take a look at the following phraseology examples. **(G: Controller; A:Pilot)**
##### **Phraseology example VFR crossing airspace C**
**Phraseology German** **Phraseology English**
**A:** Langen Radar, gude, DEMAM **A:** Langen Radar, DEMAM
**G:** DEMAM, Langen Radar **G:** DEMAM, Langen Radar
**A:** DEMAM, C172, 5 Meilen nördlich Metro, VFR in 3400 Fuß, erbitte Durchflug durch Luftraum Charlie über Metro und Charlie VOR, 4000 Fuß. **A:** DEMAM, C172, 5 miles north of Metro, VFR at 3400 feet, request crossing airspace Charlie via Metro and Charlie VOR, 4000 feet.
**G:** D-AM, squawk 4133. **G:** D-AM, squawk 4133.
**A:** Squawk 4133, D-AM. **A:** Squawk 4133, D-AM.
**G:** D-AM, identifiziert, 3400 Fuß. Durchflug genehmigt über Metro und Charlie VOR, Flugfläche 60. **G:** D-AM, identified, 3400 feet. Crossing approved via Metro and Charlie VOR, flight level 60.
**A:** Durchflug genehmigt über Metro und Charlie VOR, Flugfläche 60, D-AM. **A:** Crossing approved via Metro and Charlie VOR, flight level 60, D-AM.
**Note:** You should only clear flights through arrival or departure sectors missed approaches areas with great care, because there is a high probability for conflicts there. Ideally, the crossing flight is separated from IFR traffic.
**G:** D-AM, Sie fliegen in Luftraum Charlie ein. **G:** D-AM, you are entering airspace Charlie
**Note:** The entry information is important to the pilot, for them, separation and spacing rules change, as well as maybe the minima. Also, it allows them to cross check their navigation.
**G:** D-AM, Sie verlassen Luftraum Charlie. Verlassen der Frequenz genehmigt. Squawk VFR, ade. **G:** D-AM, you are leaving airspace Charlie. Approved to leave frequency. Squawk VFR, goodbye.
**A:** Verlassen der Frequenz genehmigt, squawk VFR, D-AM. **A:** Approved to leave frequency, squawk VFR, D-AM.
**Note:** If necessary, leaving the airspace can be instructed explicitly
**G:** D-AM, verlassen Sie Luftraum Charlie Steuerkurs 180 in 2500 Fuß oder darunter wegen Verkehr. **G:** D-AM, leave airspace Charlie heading 180 at 2500 feet or below due to traffic.
**(G: Controller; A:Pilot)**
##### **Phraseology example VFR crossing airspace D (Non-CTR)**
**Phraseology German** **Phraseology English**
**A:** Langen Radar, gude, DEMAM **A:** Langen Radar, DEMAM
**G:** DEMAM, Langen Radar. **G:** DEMAM, Langen Radar.
**A.** DEMAM, C172, 5 Meilen westlich Aalen, VFR in 3400 Fuß, erbitte Durchflug durch Luftraum Delta Richtung Süden über Göppingen und Reutlingen, 5000 Fuß. **A:** DEMAM, C172, 5 miles west of Aalen, VFR at 3400 feet, request crossing airspace Delta to the south via Göppingen and Reutlingen, 5000 feet.
**G:** D-AM, squawk 4133. **G:** D-AM, squawk 4133.
**A:** Squawk 4133, D-AM. **A:** Squawk 4133, D-AM.
**G:** D-AM, identifiziert, 3400 Fuß. Durchflug genehmigt über Göppingen und Reutlingen, halten Sie Höhenblock Flugfläche 60 bis Flugfläche 70. **G:** D-AM, identified, 3400 feet. Crossing approved via Göppingen and Reutlingen, maintain block flight level 60 until flight level 70.
**A:** Durchflug genehmigt über Göppingen und Reutlingen, halte Höhenblock Flugfläche 60 bis Flugfläche 70, D-AM. **A:** Crossing approved via Göppingen and Reutlingen, maintain block flight level 60 until flight level 70, D-AM.
**Note:** You should only clear flights through arrival or departure sectors missed approaches areas with great care, because there is a high probability for conflicts there. Ideally, the crossing flight is separated from IFR traffic.
**G:** D-AM, Sie fliegen in Luftraum Delta ein. **G:** D-AM, you are entering airspace Delta.
**Note:** The entry information is important to the pilot, for them, separation and spacing rules change, as well as maybe the minima. Also, it allows them to cross check their navigation.
**G:** D-AM, Sie verlassen Luftraum Delta. Verlassen der Frequenz genehmigt. Squawk VFR, ade. **G:** D-AM, you are leaving airspace Delta. Approved to leave frequency. Squawk VFR, goodbye.
**A:** Verlassen der Frequenz genehmigt, squawk VFR, D-AM. **A:** Approved to leave frequency, squawk VFR, D-AM.
**Note:** If necessary, leaving the airspace can be instructed explicitly
**G:** D-AM, verlassen Sie Luftraum Delta Richtung Süden in 3500 Fuß oder darunter wegen Verkehr. **G:** D-AM, leave airspace Delta direction south at 3500 feet or below due to traffic.
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