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General There are currently no class B airspaces in Germany. They are also not common in the rest of the world, but are typical in the USA. After airspace A, airspace B is the second most restrictive airspace in existence. Airspace B is controlled airspace. ...

General In Germany, Class G airspace extends from the ground or water to 2500 ft, provided it is not interrupted by airspaces C, D, D(CTR) or E. Airspace G is also the only uncontrolled airspace in Germany. In Golf airspace, IFR flights are only permitted on...

A Transponder Mandatory Zone (TMZ) is a defined area where carrying and using a transponder transmitting the barometric altitude of the aircraft’s altimeter is mandatory. The pilot must set the published TMZ code in the transponder before flying into a TMZ. I...

IFR arrivals and departures require increased attention in the vicinity of aerodromes, which is why so-called Radio Mandatory Zones (RMZ) have been introduced at aerodromes with IFR traffic. These are airspace class G and therefore uncontrolled. The AIP for G...

An Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) is intended to protect traffic around a highly frequented, uncontrolled aerodrome. As little traffic as possible should fly into the ATZ if it does not also land there. An ATZ is only active if the aerodrome in the zone is activ...

METAR stands for METeorological Aerodrome Report and is a coded weather report at a specific time with a development forecast (trend). In Germany, the METAR is always published 20 and 50 minutes after the hour. Reports between these time periods are called SPE...

Flight Level, Altitude, Height, Elevation, Level - All the Same? Not at All... Terminology Let's clear up any confusion you might have regarding these terms. We'll go through the terms related to altitude measurement / altimetry step by step: LevelDefinit...

In addition to major airports and airfields with an RMZ (Radio Mandatory Zone), there are many smaller airfields that do not have published IFR procedures. At these airfields, operations must always be conducted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) for takeoff or l...

Airspace classes according to ICAO What is airspace? A simple question at first glance, but how about the details? Legislation states that airspace is the area that extends upwards over a certain part of the earth's surface.However, with more and more air tra...

General In Germany, Delta is found in the local traffic control area of less frequented commercial airports in order to keep VFR apart traffic from the usually fast, heavy, commercial instrument flight traffic when the traffic load in the airspace increases. ...

Eine Kontrollzone (CTR) ist der kontrollierte Luftraum im nahen Umfeld eines Verkehrsflughafens oder größeren Flugplatzes. Die verantwortliche Stelle ist ein Tower, der in der Realität großenteils nach Sicht operiert. Das Radarbild dient lediglich als Unterstü...

A control zone (CTR) is the controlled airspace in the immediate vicinity of a commercial airport or larger aerodrome. The responsible authority is a tower, which in reality operates mainly by sight. The radar screen only serves as support. The control zone h...

General Radar separation describes a minimum horizontal and vertical distance that must exist between two aircraft in the air. As safety is the greatest asset in aviation, care must always be taken to ensure that separation is maintained at all times. Radar...

In order to connect airports with the airway system for IFR flights, predefined departure routes (Standard Instrument Departure - SID) are used. These lead from the respective runway via waypoints and/or conventional navigation facilities such as NDBs and VORs...

Unlike tower controllers, radar controllers cannot look out of the window to provide air traffic services. They have to rely on data collected by so-called surveillance systems. Examples of these systems are primary surveillance radar (PSR) and secondary surve...

Anders als Towerlotsen können Radarlotsen nicht aus dem Fenster schauen, um Flugverkehrsdienste zu erbringen. Sie müssen sich auf Daten verlassen, die von sogenannten Überwachungssystemen gesammelt werden. Beispiele für diese Systeme sind das Primärüberwachung...

Übersicht Radarstaffelung (engl. Radar separation) beschreibt einen horizontalen und vertikalen Mindestabstand, welchen zwischen zwei Luftfahrzeugen, die sich in der Luft befinden, bestehen muss. Da die Sicherheit das höchste Gut in der Luftfahrt ist, muss s...

Segmente eines Instrumentenanfluges Arrival Segment: Dieses Segment stellt einen Übergang von der Enroutephase zur Anflugphase des Fluges dar. Initial Approach Segment: Dieses Segment beginnt mit dem Initial Approach Fix (IAF) und endet am Intermediate F...

Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH. Nicht für navigatorische Zwecke geeignet! Im folgenden finden sich Auszüge aus AIP Germany GEN 3.4. Sprache Der Flugfunk-Sprechfunkverkehr ist in englischer Sprache oder in der Sprache, die n...

Die Position Approach/Arrival betreut den Nahbereich um größere Flughäfen. Dabei ist er meist für alle An- und auch Abflüge von den jeweiligen Flughäfen verantwortlich. Die Hauptaufgabe besteht darin, die verschiedenen Verkehrsströme aus unterschiedlichen Himm...