Separation

General Radar separation describes a minimum horizontal and vertical distance that must exist be...

Introduction With the enhancement of technology in aircraft equipment, in 1982, the ICAO started...

Wake turbulence: yet another abstract new term. This video explains what wake vortices are and ho...

Runway management is the main task of every tower controller. Without a runway, an airport obviou...

Many airports have intersecting runways either to compensate for prevailing weather conditions or...

Reduced runway separation is not a mandatory part of S1 training. Requirements Reduced Runway S...

To reduce the danger of a collision between enroute traffic flying on the same cruising level, pr...

General Airports may have multiple parallel runways to increase capacity. In Germany, there are ...

Visual separation refers to two possibilities of separation used in different cases. There is v...

With procedural separation, two aircraft can fall below the 3 NM required for radar separation un...