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Übersicht

Luftrecht Lufträume

Luftraumklassen nach ICAO Was ist ein Luftraum? Auf den ersten Blick simple Frage, aber wie würde man das am besten beschreiben? Der Gesetzgeber sagt, dass der Luftraum der Bereich ist, der sich über einem bestimmten Teil der Erdoberfläche nach oben erstreckt...

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Effizienz auf der Frequenz

Phraseologie

Der Lotse ist für die Frequenz verantwortlich, denn nur dieser weiß, wer als nächstes welche Anweisung bekommen muss. Aus diesem Grund muss der Lotse ruhig, freundlich aber auch bestimmt auf der Frequenz auftreten. Standard Phraseologie nutzen Für alle...

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Vorwort

Koordination

Im Gesamtsystem der Flugsicherung ist Koordination unabdingbar. Gerade in einem hochkomplexen Luftraum, wie über der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit sehr vielen kleinen Sektoren, ist dies von großer Bedeutung. Es gibt eine Vielzahl von Problemen, die nicht im e...

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Missed Approach - Controller Guide

Practical Procedures Delivery / Ground / Tower

By definition, a missed approach is the part of an approach procedure that is initiated if the approach cannot be continued for whatever reason. As this is a standard procedure and not an emergency or urgency call, every tower controller must be familiar with ...

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Streckenfreigabe

IFR

Die Streckenfreigabe (enroute clearance), oft auch Instrumentenflugfreigabe (IFR clearance) genannt, ist in der Regel die erste Clearance, welche ein Fluglotse jedem abfliegenden IFR-Piloten gibt. Sie enthält, wie der Name schon sagt, wichtige Anweisungen zur ...

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SID - Standard Instrument Departure

IFR

Um bei IFR Flügen Flughäfen mit dem System der Luftstraßen zu verbinden, werden vordefinierte Abflugrouten (engl.: Standard Instrument Departure - SID) genutzt. Diese führen von der jeweiligen Piste über Wegpunkte und/oder konventionelle Navigationsanlagen wie...

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Delaying techniques

VFR

VFR aircraft are usually significantly slower than larger commercial aircraft. For this reason, a gap of around 7 to 9 NM is required to get slow VFR aircraft from downwind into final approach. The size of the gap depends very much on the speeds of both aircra...

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Handover Tower

Coordination

The proper handover is an important part of the controller's everyday life and is becoming more and more relevant for us at VATSIM due to hour-long events such as "Munich 11 to 11", "Berlin Overload" or "Frankfurt RFO". The following guide is intended to illu...

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ATIS

Meteorology

ATIS stands for Automatic Terminal Information Service and provides pilots with up-to-date information about the airport. The ATIS can be listened to via the respective frequency or retrieved in text form (e.g. via datalink), this also works on Vatsim. In add...

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ATIS

Meteorologie

ATIS steht für Automatic Terminal Information Service und bietet dem Piloten aktuelle Informationen zum Flughafen. Die ATIS kann über die jeweilige Frequenz abgehört werden oder auch als Textform (z.B. via Datalink) abgerufen werden, dies funktioniert auch auf...

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TAF

Meteorology

TAF stands for Terminal Aerodrome Forecast and is a weather forecast for an airport with regard to certain parameters that will change during the forecast period. It contains all meteorological information that is important for flight operations. The validity ...

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Runway separation

Separation Runway separation

Runway management is the main task of every tower controller. Without a runway, an airport obviously makes no sense. Not only do we have to use our runway as efficiently as possible in order to fully utilize the airport's capacity, but we also have to protect ...

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METAR

Meteorology

METAR stands for METeorological Aerodrome Report and is a coded weather report at a specific time with a development forecast (trend). In Germany, the METAR is always published 20 and 50 minutes after the hour. Reports between these time periods are called SPE...

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Altimetry

Air law

Flight Level, Altitude, Height, Elevation, Level - All the Same? Not at All... Terminology Let's clear up any confusion you might have regarding these terms. We'll go through the terms related to altitude measurement / altimetry step by step: LevelDefinit...

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Flight plan

Air law

A flight plan specifies how a flight is planned to be conducted. Along with the callsign and aircraft type, it also includes the planned route, altitude, and speed. This ensures that both the pilot and the controller are on the same page with the flight's plan...

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Flight rule change

Air law

In addition to major airports and airfields with an RMZ (Radio Mandatory Zone), there are many smaller airfields that do not have published IFR procedures. At these airfields, operations must always be conducted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) for takeoff or l...

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Overview

Air law Airspaces

Airspace classes according to ICAO What is airspace? A simple question at first glance, but how about the details? Legislation states that airspace is the area that extends upwards over a certain part of the earth's surface.However, with more and more air tra...

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Radar separation

Separation

General Radar separation describes a minimum horizontal and vertical distance that must exist between two aircraft in the air. As safety is the greatest asset in aviation, care must always be taken to ensure that separation is maintained at all times. Radar...

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Wake turbulence separation

Separation

Wake turbulence: yet another abstract new term. This video explains what wake vortices are and how they arise. And what do air traffic controllers have to do with it? We have to make sure that accidents like the one shown in the video in New York don't happen...

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Visual Meteorological Conditions

VFR

Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) are required in order to be able to fly under visual flight rules (VFR). If at least one of the minimum values is not met, VFR flights are no longer permitted or must land immediately. In this case, SVFR can be used in co...

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