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This manual will show you the basic skills that you will need as an approach controller. This manual is meant to support your training, but it cannot replace an approach lesson held by the responsible Regional Group. This guide can only show you basic techniqu...

You already know a little about airspaces from your S2 training. As a tower controller, you became very familiar with the D-CTR airspace. We will now look at some other airspaces which will be become relevant to you in your approach training. Class Cle...

Unlike tower controllers, radar controllers cannot look out the window to provide air traffic services. They have to rely on data collected by what are called surveillance systems. Examples of these are Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) and Secondary Surveillan...

As you know a mode C transponder gives information about the pressure altitude of an aircraft. To use this level indication for vertical separation a controller is obliged to verify this level information as soon as possible after initial contact. To do so you...

One of the main tasks of a radar controller is ensuring separation at all times as this allows for a safe flow of traffic. We distinguish between different types of separation. As a general rule, ATC shall provide separation between all flight in airspaces...

Definition Der ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code ist eine zweiteilige Kategorisierung von Luftfahrzeugtypen, die die Feststellung, ob ein bestimmtes Luftfahrzeug einen bestimmten Flugplatz benutzen kann, vereinfacht. Er ist in ICAO Annex 14 enthalten. Er besteht ...

Definition The ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code is a two part categorisation of aircraft types which simplifies the process of establishing whether a particular aircraft is able to use a particular aerodrome. It is included in ICAO Annex 14. It has two 'elements...

All aircraft generate vortices at the wing tips as a consequence of producing lift. The heavier the aircraft and the slower it is flying, the stronger the vortex. Among other factors, the size of the vortex is proportional to the span of the aircraft which gen...

The ICAO wake turbulence category (WTC) is entered in the appropriate single character wake turbulence category indicator in Item 9 of the ICAO model flight plan form and is based on the maximum certificated take-off mass, as follows: J (Super) aircraft typ...

Definitions Parallel Runways: Two or more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel. In addition to runway number, parallel runways are designated as L (left) and R (right) or, if three parallel runways exist, L (left), C (center), and R (rig...

Coordination is indispensable in the overall air traffic control system. This is particularly important in a highly complex airspace such as that over the Federal Republic of Germany with a very large number of small sectors. Many problems cannot be solved in ...

In the following chapters some terms are used, which will be explained now. Upstream/downstream sector UPSTREAM SECTOR is the previous sector.DOWNSTREAM SECTOR is the following sector.In the flight profile of a pilot through the sectors A-B-C would be from t...

For coordination purposes, there are some keywords that give the coordination partner a rough idea of what is involved when the initial contact is made. One of these keywords is the "Approval Request". This can be used in the following cases. Direct request (...

As defined earlier, the TRANSFER OF CONTROL takes place when crossing the sector boundary plus half the radar separation value, unless otherwise specified. If the receiving sector wishes to give instructions changing the trajectory of the flight before the act...

Anything that cannot be handled with an approval request or a release falls under the coordination type "Reference". The most popular application for this is a request to the upstream sector. Whenever I want a flight to fly into my sector that deviates from t...

At some airports it is necessary to obtain a so-called Departure Release from the radar station above before each departure, as they are responsible for the separation between IFR arrivals and departures. Whether a release is required can be found in the corre...

In addition to Approval Request, Release and Reference, there are other types of coordination. However, for various reasons, these are neglected on VATSIM. Nevertheless, they will be presented briefly. Estimate During an estimate call, squawk, handover level...

This guide is meant for ATC and tries to give an overview over the most common topics in regard to military operations on Vatsim. Be advised that some of these topics may only be performed by pilots who are part of a Vatsim Special Operations (VSO) Organisatio...

Login Sector Indicator Frequency Callsign Remark EDDL_BOT_APP BOT 119.110 Langen Radar -- Main Sector Tasks EDDL-Arrivals via TEBRO to PISAP from EHAA EDDL-Departures via MODRU, NETEX, MEVEL and SONEB EDLV and ETNG Traf...

Login Sector Indicator Frequency Callsign Remark EDDL_APP DUS 128.555 Langen Radar primary EDDL Arrival Main Sector Tasks In- and outbounds EDDL In- and outbounds EDLN  Standard Operating Procedures Detailed SOP for ...