Ground
Area of Responsibility Ground
Ground can be divided into two sectors:
| Sector | Login | Station ID | Frequency |
Area of Responsibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| North Ground | EDDM_N_GND | MGN | 121.980 |
Taxiways N and M, all intersections of runway 08L/26R |
| South Ground | EDDM_S_GND | MGS | 121.830 |
Taxiways S and T, all intersections of runway 08R/26L |
If only one ground station is staffed, it covers the AoR of the other ground station as well.
Ground and Apron, resp. two Ground may only be staffed if Delivery is staffed, too.
Ground is usually only staffed after Tower, Apron and Delivery are already staffed.
Handover
Ground isses a taxi clearance to an entry or a holdingpoint and hands the aircraft over to the next responsible station at the clearance limit.
| FROM | TO | ENTRY / HOLDINGPOINT |
|---|---|---|
| MGN | MP | N1, N2 |
| MGN | MP2 | N3, N4 |
| MGN | MTN | A1-A15 |
| MGS | MP | S1-S6 |
| MGS | MP2 | S7, S8 |
| MGS | MTS | B1-B15 |
The handover from Ground to Tower can be instructed as "Contact" or "Standby for". It should be coordinated at the beginning of a session how Tower wants to receive handovers from ground.
Contact München Tower *on* (frequency)
Standby for München Tower *on* (frequency)
Departing traffic
Ground receives departing traffic from Apron depending to operation direction at the respective entries. Ground then issues a taxi clearance to a suitable holding point of the departure runway. Ground shall create an efficient departure sequence by assigning a suitable runway intersection, taking SID, WTC and other factors into account. The handover from Ground to Tower should be made as soon as possible.
Arriving traffic
Incoming traffic should actually call Ground on its own after leaving the runway. Unfortunately, this rarely works on VATSIM, so incoming traffic is usually handed over by Tower. The traffic receives taxi clearance from Ground to one of the entries as a transfer point. The choice of the entry depends on the planned parking position (Terminal 1 or 2) and the operating direction. Shortly before reaching the entry, the traffic is transferred to the responsible Apron controller.
Ground movement control
Taxi
In order to optimize the flow of traffic, the following taxi routing is recommended:
- N/S opposite to runway direction
- M/T in runway direction
Holding Points
The efficient sequencing of traffic at the holding points allows the tower to make optimum use of the available capacity at all times. To achieve this, Ground must route the traffic to the holding points correctly sorted in advance.
Sorting by SID
Bei hoher Verkehrslast sollten Abflüge so abgearbeitet werden, dass unterschiedliche SIDs nacheinander abfliegen und damit eine kürzere Separation (3nm vs. 5nm) bei Mediums genutzt werden kann. Die Holding Points A1/A2/A3 und A13/A14/A15 sowie B1/B2/B3 und B13/B14/B15 sollten jeweils möglichst mit Verkehr auf der gleichen SID bestückt werden. Wichtig ist darauf zu achten, welche SIDs vermehrt geflogen werden sollen. Es muss also vermieden werden, an allen Holding Points Verkehr ganz vorne stehen zu haben, der die gleiche SID fliegen wird. So sind GIVMI und INPUD im Norden sowie MERSI und BIBAG + ggf. TURBU im Süden oft die SIDs, die am meisten genutzt werden. Diese sind dann bspw. auf A13/14 aufzuteilen. Bei Events kann sich das je Destination unterscheiden.
Anweisung von Intersection Departures
Die High Intensity Runway Operations (HIRO) gem. AD 2 EDDM Kap. 3.2.3. in München sehen für maximalen Verkehrsdurchsatz vor, dass Piloten nach erfolgter Freigabe zum Abflugpunkt oder Startfreigabe diese Anweisung ohne Verzögerung ausführen sollen und die Belegungszeiten der Start- und Landebahn möglichst gering halten. Sie haben sich zudem auf folgende Startlaufstrecken (TORA) bzw. Intersection-Departures vorzubereiten:
| Flugzeugtyp | 08L | TORA | 08R | TORA | 26R | TORA | 26L | TORA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heavy+ | A1/A2 | 4000 m | B1/B2 | 4000 m | A14/A15 | 4000 m | B14/B15 | 4000 m |
| Medium Jet | A3 | 3800 m | B3 | 3800 m | A13 | 3800 m | B13 | 3800 m |
| Light Jet | A4 | 2820 m | B4 | 2840 m | A12 | 2780 m | B12 | 2820 m |
| Turboprop | A6 | 2200 m | B6 | 2220 m | A10 | 2260 m | B10 | 2200 m |
Diese Intersections können den Piloten auch ohne vorherige Zustimmung zugewiesen werden. Sollte eine Intersection Departure aus Gründen nicht möglich sein, hat der Pilot aktiv "unable" zu melden.