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Reduced runway separation is not a mandatory part of S1 training. Requirements ATCOs can only u...

Many airports have intersecting runways either to compensate for prevailing weather conditions or...

Runway management is the main task of every tower controller. Without a runway, an airport obviou...

Wake turbulence: yet another abstract new term. This video explains what wake vortices are and ho...

General Radar separation describes a minimum horizontal and vertical distance that must exist be...

Bei der Verfahrensstaffelung (auch prozedurale Staffelung genannt) können sich zwei Luftfahrzeuge...

Mit Staffelung nach Sicht sind zwei Möglichkeiten der Staffelung gemeint, welche in unterschied...

TAF stands for Terminal Aerodrome Forecast and is a weather forecast for an airport with regard t...

ATIS steht für Automatic Terminal Information Service und bietet dem Piloten aktuelle Information...

ATIS stands for Automatic Terminal Information Service and provides pilots with up-to-date inform...

METAR stands for METeorological Aerodrome Report and is a coded weather report at a specific time...

The proper handover is an important part of the controller's everyday life and is becoming more a...

Definition The ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code is a two part categorisation of aircraft types whic...

In addition to the familiar ICAO Type Designator such as A320, B738, C172, ICAO Document 8643 - A...

For reasons of traffic safety and for identification purposes, German aircraft are subject to com...

Radar basics If you've ever flown in real life or on VATSIM, then you've probably come across th...

Introduction IFR IFR traffic is permitted at uncontrolled aerodromes within vACC Germany if aero...

Einführung IFR IFR-Verkehr an unkontrollierten Flugplätzen innerhalb der vACC Germany ist dort e...

Introduction After receiving your student rating, you will next receive training for the Aerodro...

General To cross airspace C or D under visual flight rules, pilots always require clearance fr...